English Punctuations


English PunctuationsEnglish Punctuation | Rifai's Blog. Hi Guys, Do you know What the punctuations are? What are they?
Ok, I wanna share you about the punctuations

The Punctuations are:
     a)    End Marks : ( . ), ( ? ), ( ! )
     b)    Commas ( , )
     c)    Semicolons ( ; )
     d)    Colons ( : )
     e)    Italic or Underline ( word or word )
     f)    Quotation marks ( “…” )
     g)    Apostrophes ( ‘ )
     h)    Hyphens ( - )
     i)     Dash ( -- )
     j)     Omission marks (…)

A.   End Marks: (.), (?), (!)
The term end marks refers to punctuation which appears at the end of sentences. They are periods (.), question marks (?), and exclamation (!).
1.  A statement is followed by a period.
Example:
Pizza is my favorite food.
2.  A question is followed by a question mark.
Example:
What time is it ?
3.  An exclamation is followed by an exclamation point.
Example:
How clever you are !
4.  An abbreviation is followed by a period.
Example:
Calif.                      Oct.
Oct.                        P.m.

B.   Commas ( , )
1.  Use a comma to separate single word in a series
Example:
December, January, and February are summer months in the Southern Hemisphere.
2.  Use a comma to separate verbs in a series
Example:
The delegates nominated one candidate, voted, and installed her in an office.
3.  Use a comma to separate phrases in a series
Example:
There were spots at the top, at the sides, and on the bottom.
4.  Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun
Example:
·       Jupiter is a large, strange planet.
·       David Beckham played a powerful, brilliant game.
5.  Use a comma before and, but, or, nor, for, and yet when they join parts of a compound sentences
Example:
·       Betty  offered to get the tickets, and I accepted gratefully.
·       They had been working very hard, but they didn’t seem especially tired.
6.  Use a comma to set of expression that interrupt the sentence.
Example:
Our neighbor, Gita Gutawa, is a good singer.

C.   Semicolons ( ; )
1.  Use a semicolon between the parts of a compound sentence if they are not joined by and, but, or, nor, for, and yet
Example:
After school I went to the play station; then I studied in my room for an hour.
2.  A semicolon may be needed to separate the parts of a compound sentence if they are commas within the parts
Example:
I wrote to Ann, Beth, and Meg; and Jean notified Terry and Sue.

D.   Colons ( : )
A colon is a punctuation mark that usually signals that something is to follow. The colon is never used directly after a verb or a preposition.
1.  Use a colon before list of items, especially after expression like as follows and the following
Example:
A search showed that Jack’s pocket contain the following: a knife, half an apple, a piece of gum, and a bottle of mineral water.
2.  Use a colon between the hour and the minute when you write the time
Example:
8:30 a.m.                         10:30 p.m.
3.  Use a colon after a salutation of a business letter
Example:
Dear Sir:                          Dear Mrs. :

E.   Italic or Underline ( word or word )
1.  Use Italic or underline for titles of books, periodicals, works of art, ships, and so on.
Example:
Harry Potter is my favorite novel.
One of most famous movies ever made is Ketika Cinta Bertasbih.

F.    Quotation marks ( “…” )
When a person’s exact words are used in writing, it is customary too use quotation marks to show where the question begins and end.
1.  Use quotation marks to enclose a direct quotation
Example:
“When the bell rings,“ said the teacher, “leave the class quietly.“
2.  A direct quotation begins with a capital letter
Example:
Maria said, “The frame isn’t strong enough.“
3.  When a quoted sentence is divided into two parts by an interrupting expression ( he said, mother said, and replied the principal ), the second part begins with a small letter.
Example:
“The time has come, “ insisted the speaker, “to improve our education program.“
4.  A direct quotation is set off from the rest of the sentence by commas.
Example:
I asked, “What’s your name? “
5.  A period or a comma following a quotation should be place inside the closing quotation marks
Example:
The man replied, “I’m ready.”

G.   Apostrophes ( ‘ )
The Apostrophes is used:
(1)  to show ownership or relationship,
(2)  to show where letters have been omitted in a contraction, and
(3)  to form the plurals or number s and letters.
1.  The possessive case
The possessive case of  a word shows ownership or relationship
a.  To form the possessive case of a singular noun, add an apostrophe and an s.
Example:
·       John’s desk.
·       A boy’s cap.
·       The baby’s toy.
·       Student’s book.
b.  To form the possessive case of a plural noun not ending in s, add an apostrophe and an s.
Example:
·       Mice’s tracks.
·       Children’s choir.
c.   To form the possessive case of a plural noun ending in s, add only the apostrophe.
Example:
·       Cats’ basket
·       The Carsons’ bungalow
2.  Contraction
A contraction is a word made by combining two words and omitting some letters. An apostrophes take the place of the letters that are left out.
Example:
·       There is     : there’s
·       We are      : we’re
·       They have  : they’ve
·       Is not        : isn’t
When n’t is added to  shall, will, or can, the spelling of the verb changes.
Example:
·       Shall not    : shan’t
·       Will not      : won’t
·       Can not     : can’t

H.   Hyphens ( - )
The hypens is used :
(1)  to indicated that a word has been broken at the end of a line, and
(2)  to show that two or more words are being used together as one.
If there is not room for a whole word at the end of the line, you may divide it with a hyphens.
Dividing words at the end of a line, however, should be avoided as much as possible.
1.    Use a hyphen to divide a word at the end of a line
Example:
In my opinion, this salad needs cu-cumber.
2.    Use a hyphen with compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine and with fractions used as adjectives
Example:
There are twenty-nine days in February.

I.    Dash ( -- )
The function of dash is to make a certain piece of information more stressful or more dramatic, as in :
·       Don’t forget—once again do not forget—to post the letter today.
·       We—the students of English Department—practice speaking intensively.
·       The criminals robbed the bank—all the money was taken.
A dash is also used to introduce additional details in order to make a previous piece of information clearer or more vivid. In this case, dash is similar to that is, viz or namely.
·       Indonesian lies between two oceans—the Pacific and the Indian Oceans.
·       The kangaroo—the native animal of Australia—can jump extremely quickly.
·       She plans to go to Singkep –a small island in Riau Province.
This mark may be used to show alternatives; it is often replaced by the word “or”.
Example:
·       The lecturer wrote in his grammar book that the verb to depend can be followed by the preposition upon/on.
·       To begin a formal letter, we may write Dear Sir/Madam if we do not know who the receiver is.
·       The three dots might represent something irrelevant or necessity.

J.    Omission Marks (…)
Example:
·       “Language … a set of rules … for communication,“ the definition read.
·       “The most important part of speech is verb … “ Hornsby said.
·       “ … two kinds of complements, namely, the subject complement and the object complement.” They concluded.

OK Guys, thoose are All about English Punctuations. May be Usefull.

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