English Punctuations

English Punctuation | Rifai's Blog. Hi Guys, Do you know What the punctuations are? What are they?
Ok, I wanna share you about the punctuations

The Punctuations are:

     a)    End Marks : ( . ), ( ? ), ( ! )

     b)    Commas ( , )

     c)    Semicolons ( ; )

     d)    Colons ( : )

     e)    Italic or Underline ( word or word )

     f)    Quotation marks ( “…” )

     g)    Apostrophes ( ‘ )

     h)    Hyphens ( - )

     i)     Dash ( -- )

     j)     Omission marks (…)

A.   End Marks: (.), (?), (!)

The term end marks refers to punctuation which appears at the end of sentences. They are periods (.), question marks (?), and exclamation (!).

1.  A statement is followed by a period.

Example:

Pizza is my favorite food.

2.  A question is followed by a question mark.

Example:

What time is it ?

3.  An exclamation is followed by an exclamation point.

Example:

How clever you are !

4.  An abbreviation is followed by a period.

Example:

Calif.                      Oct.

Oct.                        P.m.

B.   Commas ( , )

1.  Use a comma to separate single word in a series

Example:

December, January, and February are summer months in the Southern Hemisphere.

2.  Use a comma to separate verbs in a series

Example:

The delegates nominated one candidate, voted, and installed her in an office.

3.  Use a comma to separate phrases in a series

Example:

There were spots at the top, at the sides, and on the bottom.

4.  Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun

Example:

·       Jupiter is a large, strange planet.

·       David Beckham played a powerful, brilliant game.

5.  Use a comma before and, but, or, nor, for, and yet when they join parts of a compound sentences

Example:

·       Betty  offered to get the tickets, and I accepted gratefully.

·       They had been working very hard, but they didn’t seem especially tired.

6.  Use a comma to set of expression that interrupt the sentence.

Example:

Our neighbor, Gita Gutawa, is a good singer.

C.   Semicolons ( ; )

1.  Use a semicolon between the parts of a compound sentence if they are not joined by and, but, or, nor, for, and yet

Example:

After school I went to the play station; then I studied in my room for an hour.

2.  A semicolon may be needed to separate the parts of a compound sentence if they are commas within the parts

Example:

I wrote to Ann, Beth, and Meg; and Jean notified Terry and Sue.

D.   Colons ( : )

A colon is a punctuation mark that usually signals that something is to follow. The colon is never used directly after a verb or a preposition.

1.  Use a colon before list of items, especially after expression like as follows and the following

Example:

A search showed that Jack’s pocket contain the following: a knife, half an apple, a piece of gum, and a bottle of mineral water.

2.  Use a colon between the hour and the minute when you write the time

Example:

8:30 a.m.                         10:30 p.m.

3.  Use a colon after a salutation of a business letter

Example:

Dear Sir:                          Dear Mrs. :

E.   Italic or Underline ( word or word )

1.  Use Italic or underline for titles of books, periodicals, works of art, ships, and so on.

Example:

Harry Potter is my favorite novel.

One of most famous movies ever made is Ketika Cinta Bertasbih.

F.    Quotation marks ( “…” )

When a person’s exact words are used in writing, it is customary too use quotation marks to show where the question begins and end.

1.  Use quotation marks to enclose a direct quotation

Example:

“When the bell rings,“ said the teacher, “leave the class quietly.“

2.  A direct quotation begins with a capital letter

Example:

Maria said, “The frame isn’t strong enough.“

3.  When a quoted sentence is divided into two parts by an interrupting expression ( he said, mother said, and replied the principal ), the second part begins with a small letter.

Example:

“The time has come, “ insisted the speaker, “to improve our education program.“

4.  A direct quotation is set off from the rest of the sentence by commas.

Example:

I asked, “What’s your name? “

5.  A period or a comma following a quotation should be place inside the closing quotation marks

Example:

The man replied, “I’m ready.”

G.   Apostrophes ( ‘ )

The Apostrophes is used:

(1)  to show ownership or relationship,

(2)  to show where letters have been omitted in a contraction, and

(3)  to form the plurals or number s and letters.

1.  The possessive case

The possessive case of  a word shows ownership or relationship

a.  To form the possessive case of a singular noun, add an apostrophe and an s.

Example:

·       John’s desk.

·       A boy’s cap.

·       The baby’s toy.

·       Student’s book.

b.  To form the possessive case of a plural noun not ending in s, add an apostrophe and an s.

Example:

·       Mice’s tracks.

·       Children’s choir.

c.   To form the possessive case of a plural noun ending in s, add only the apostrophe.

Example:

·       Cats’ basket

·       The Carsons’ bungalow

2.  Contraction

A contraction is a word made by combining two words and omitting some letters. An apostrophes take the place of the letters that are left out.

Example:

·       There is     : there’s

·       We are      : we’re

·       They have  : they’ve

·       Is not        : isn’t

When n’t is added to  shall, will, or can, the spelling of the verb changes.

Example:

·       Shall not    : shan’t

·       Will not      : won’t

·       Can not     : can’t

H.   Hyphens ( - )

The hypens is used :

(1)  to indicated that a word has been broken at the end of a line, and

(2)  to show that two or more words are being used together as one.

If there is not room for a whole word at the end of the line, you may divide it with a hyphens.

Dividing words at the end of a line, however, should be avoided as much as possible.

1.    Use a hyphen to divide a word at the end of a line

Example:

In my opinion, this salad needs cu-cumber.

2.    Use a hyphen with compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine and with fractions used as adjectives

Example:

There are twenty-nine days in February.

I.    Dash ( -- )

The function of dash is to make a certain piece of information more stressful or more dramatic, as in :

·       Don’t forget—once again do not forget—to post the letter today.

·       We—the students of English Department—practice speaking intensively.

·       The criminals robbed the bank—all the money was taken.

A dash is also used to introduce additional details in order to make a previous piece of information clearer or more vivid. In this case, dash is similar to that is, viz or namely.

·       Indonesian lies between two oceans—the Pacific and the Indian Oceans.

·       The kangaroo—the native animal of Australia—can jump extremely quickly.

·       She plans to go to Singkep –a small island in Riau Province.

This mark may be used to show alternatives; it is often replaced by the word “or”.

Example:

·       The lecturer wrote in his grammar book that the verb to depend can be followed by the preposition upon/on.

·       To begin a formal letter, we may write Dear Sir/Madam if we do not know who the receiver is.

·       The three dots might represent something irrelevant or necessity.

J.    Omission Marks (…)

Example:

·       “Language … a set of rules … for communication,“ the definition read.

·       “The most important part of speech is verb … “ Hornsby said.

·       “ … two kinds of complements, namely, the subject complement and the object complement.” They concluded.

OK Guys, thoose are All about English Punctuations. May be Usefull.

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